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16-letter words containing n, i, m, p, o

  • filter promotion — (algorithm)   In a generate and test algorithm, combining part of the filter with the generator in order to reduce the number of potential solutions generated. A trivial example: filter (< 100) [1..1000] ==> [1..99] where [1..n] generates the list of integers from 1 to n. Here the filter has been combined completely with the generator. This is an example of fusion.
  • formation packer — A formation packer is a substance that is used as a seal between the casing and the borehole so that part of the hole can be tested.
  • fuel consumption — use of a material to generate power
  • gemini telescope — either of two identical 8-metre telescopes for optical and near-infrared observations built by an international consortium. Gemini North is in Hawaii at an altitude of 4200 m on Mauna Kea and Gemini South is in Chile at 2715 m on Cerro Pachón
  • gerontomorphosis — Biology. evolutionary specialization of a species to a degree that decreases its capability for further adaptation and eventually leads to its extinction.
  • gossip columnist — a person who writes a gossip column
  • gynandromorphism — an individual exhibiting morphological characteristics of both sexes.
  • hamiltonian path — Hamiltonian problem
  • heteropalindrome — Something that spells something else when reversed, a semordnilap.
  • high-compression — of a modern type of internal-combustion engine designed so that the fuel mixture is compressed into a smaller cylinder space, resulting in more pressure on the pistons and more power
  • high-performance — A high-performance car or other product goes very fast or does a lot.
  • hispano-american — Spanish.
  • honeymoon period — a period of popularity enjoyed by a new government, or a new occupant of a post
  • humanly possible — feasible, practical
  • hyper-conformity — action in accord with prevailing social standards, attitudes, practices, etc.
  • hyperandrogenism — (medicine) An abnormally high production of androgens.
  • hyperstimulation — to rouse to action or effort, as by encouragement or pressure; spur on; incite: to stimulate his interest in mathematics.
  • hypervitaminosis — an abnormal condition caused by an excessive intake of vitamins.
  • hypnagogic image — an image experienced by a person just before falling asleep, which often resembles a hallucination
  • hypoaeolian mode — a plagal church mode represented on the white keys of a keyboard instrument by an ascending scale from E to E, with the final on A.
  • hypoalimentation — insufficient or inadequate nourishment.
  • image processing — (graphics)   Computer manipulation of images. Some of the many algorithms used in image processing include convolution (on which many others are based), FFT, DCT, thinning (or skeletonisation), edge detection and contrast enhancement. These are usually implemented in software but may also use special purpose hardware for speed. Image processing contrasts with computer graphics, which is usually more concerned with the generation of artificial images, and visualisation, which attempts to understand (real-world) data by displaying it as an artificial image (e.g. a graph). Image processing is used in image recognition and computer vision. See also Pilot European Image Processing Archive.
  • immunocompetence — having the potential for immunologic response; capable of developing immunity after exposure to antigen.
  • immunocompromise — (medicine) The state of having a compromised immune system.
  • immunodepressant — preventing or diminishing the immune response
  • immunosuppressed — the inhibition of the normal immune response because of disease, the administration of drugs, or surgery.
  • immunosuppressor — (pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.
  • impact extrusion — an extrusion process in which a slug of cold metal in a shallow die cavity is formed by the action of a rapidly moving punch that forces the metal through the die or back around the punch.
  • in/into a temper — If someone is in a temper or gets into a temper, the way that they are behaving shows that they are feeling angry and impatient.
  • incomprehensible — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
  • incomprehensibly — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
  • information pack — a set of leaflets giving information about something
  • inmos transputer — transputer
  • inter-comparison — the act of comparing.
  • interappointment — Between appointments.
  • interior mapping — an open map.
  • intracytoplasmic — Located in the cytoplasm of a cell.
  • ion implantation — a method of implanting impurities below the surface of a solid, usually a semiconductor, by bombarding the solid with a beam of ions of the impurity.
  • law of parsimony — a principle according to which an explanation of a thing or event is made with the fewest possible assumptions.
  • league champions — the team that has come top of the league
  • line composition — type produced on a linecaster
  • loop combination — A program transformation where the bodies of two loops are merged into one thus reducing the overhead of manipulating and testing the control variable and branching. Further optimisation of the merged code may then become possible. In horizontal loop combination the bodies of the loops are largely independent so only the loop overhead is saved. Vertical loop combination applies where the results of the first loop are used by the second. Combining the two allows the intermediate results to be used immediately (in registers) rather than requiring them to be stored in an array. The functional equivalent of horizontal and vertical loop combination are tupling and fusion.
  • lymphangiography — x-ray visualization of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of a contrast medium.
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
  • magmatic stoping — the process by which country rock is broken up and engulfed by the upward movement of magma
  • magnetic compass — a compass having a magnetized needle generally in line with the magnetic poles of the earth.
  • majority opinion — an opinion in a case that is shared by more than half of the members of a court
  • make a complaint — If a guest makes a complaint, they express their dissatisfaction with something.
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