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16-letter words containing n, i, m, p

  • hypervitaminosis — an abnormal condition caused by an excessive intake of vitamins.
  • hypnagogic image — an image experienced by a person just before falling asleep, which often resembles a hallucination
  • hypoaeolian mode — a plagal church mode represented on the white keys of a keyboard instrument by an ascending scale from E to E, with the final on A.
  • hypoalimentation — insufficient or inadequate nourishment.
  • image processing — (graphics)   Computer manipulation of images. Some of the many algorithms used in image processing include convolution (on which many others are based), FFT, DCT, thinning (or skeletonisation), edge detection and contrast enhancement. These are usually implemented in software but may also use special purpose hardware for speed. Image processing contrasts with computer graphics, which is usually more concerned with the generation of artificial images, and visualisation, which attempts to understand (real-world) data by displaying it as an artificial image (e.g. a graph). Image processing is used in image recognition and computer vision. See also Pilot European Image Processing Archive.
  • immunocompetence — having the potential for immunologic response; capable of developing immunity after exposure to antigen.
  • immunocompromise — (medicine) The state of having a compromised immune system.
  • immunodepressant — preventing or diminishing the immune response
  • immunosuppressed — the inhibition of the normal immune response because of disease, the administration of drugs, or surgery.
  • immunosuppressor — (pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.
  • impact extrusion — an extrusion process in which a slug of cold metal in a shallow die cavity is formed by the action of a rapidly moving punch that forces the metal through the die or back around the punch.
  • impenetrableness — The quality of being impenetrable.
  • imperceptiveness — The quality of being imperceptive.
  • imperfect fungus — a fungus for which only the asexual reproductive stage is known, as any fungus of the Fungi imperfecti.
  • imperfectiveness — (grammar) The state or quality of being imperfective.
  • imperishableness — The characteristic or property of being imperishable.
  • implied warranty — a warranty not stated explicitly by the seller of merchandise or real property but presumed for reasons of commercial or legal custom (distinguished from express warranty).
  • in-law apartment — a self-contained living area within a single-family home, as for an aging parent.
  • in/into a temper — If someone is in a temper or gets into a temper, the way that they are behaving shows that they are feeling angry and impatient.
  • incomprehensible — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
  • incomprehensibly — impossible to understand or comprehend; unintelligible.
  • indirect primary — a primary in which members of a party elect delegates to a party convention that in turn elects the party's candidates.
  • information pack — a set of leaflets giving information about something
  • inmos transputer — transputer
  • installment plan — a system for paying for an item in fixed amounts at specified intervals.
  • instrument panel — Also called instrument board. a panel on which are mounted an array of dials, lights, and gauges that monitor the performance of a machine or device, as an airplane.
  • inter-comparison — the act of comparing.
  • interappointment — Between appointments.
  • interest payment — a payment of interest on a loan or mortgage
  • interhemispheric — of, relating to, or between hemispheres, as of the earth: interhemispheric cooperation.
  • interior mapping — an open map.
  • intimate apparel — lingerie (sense 2)
  • intracytoplasmic — Located in the cytoplasm of a cell.
  • ion implantation — a method of implanting impurities below the surface of a solid, usually a semiconductor, by bombarding the solid with a beam of ions of the impurity.
  • kiss and make up — be reconciled
  • law of parsimony — a principle according to which an explanation of a thing or event is made with the fewest possible assumptions.
  • league champions — the team that has come top of the league
  • learner's permit — A learner's permit is a license that allows you to drive a vehicle before you have passed your driving test.
  • lighting-up time — the time when vehicles are required by law to have their lights switched on
  • line composition — type produced on a linecaster
  • lines per minute — (unit)   (lpm) A unit used to measure line printer throughput.
  • loop combination — A program transformation where the bodies of two loops are merged into one thus reducing the overhead of manipulating and testing the control variable and branching. Further optimisation of the merged code may then become possible. In horizontal loop combination the bodies of the loops are largely independent so only the loop overhead is saved. Vertical loop combination applies where the results of the first loop are used by the second. Combining the two allows the intermediate results to be used immediately (in registers) rather than requiring them to be stored in an array. The functional equivalent of horizontal and vertical loop combination are tupling and fusion.
  • lymphangiectasia — (medicine) dilation of the lymphatic vessels.
  • lymphangiectasis — Alt form lymphangiectasia.
  • lymphangiography — x-ray visualization of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of a contrast medium.
  • lz77 compression — The first algorithm to use the Lempel-Ziv substitutional compression schemes, proposed in 1977. LZ77 compression keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the phrase. In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window" over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"), with the position part of the (position, length) pair referring to the position of the phrase within the window. The most commonly used algorithms are derived from the LZSS scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski in 1982. In this the compressor maintains a window of size N bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries to find a match for in the window: while (lookAheadBuffer not empty) { get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in the window for the lookahead buffer; if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH) { output a (position, length) pair; shift the window length characters along; } else { output the first character in the lookahead buffer; shift the window 1 character along; } } Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION, LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window and copy LENGTH bytes to the output. Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular buffer. The sliding window approach automatically creates the LRU effect which must be done explicitly in LZ78 schemes. Variants of this method apply additional compression to the output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple variable-length code (LZB), dynamic Huffman coding (LZH), and Shannon-Fano coding (ZIP 1.x), all of which result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the LZSS compressor has little effect. An algorithm was developed which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a hybrid called LZFG. LZFG uses the standard sliding window, but stores the data in a modified trie data structure and produces as output the position of the text in the trie. Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based compressors. All popular archivers (arj, lha, zip, zoo) are variations on LZ77.
  • lz78 compression — A substitutional compression scheme which works by entering phrases into a dictionary and then, when a reoccurrence of that particular phrase is found, outputting the dictionary index instead of the phrase. Several algorithms are based on this principle, differing mainly in the manner in which they manage the dictionary. The most well-known Lempel-Ziv scheme is Terry Welch's Lempel-Ziv Welch variant of LZ78.
  • mach's principle — the proposition that there is no absolute space and that the inertia and acceleration of a body are determined by all of the matter of the universe.
  • machine operator — someone who operates mechanical equipment
  • magmatic stoping — the process by which country rock is broken up and engulfed by the upward movement of magma
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