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25-letter words containing n, i, s

  • díaz del castillo, bernal — (bɛʀˈnɑl) ; bernälˈ) 1492?-1581?; Sp. historian & soldier with Cortés
  • diesel-electric generator — A diesel-electric generator is a piece of equipment that uses diesel as a fuel to produce electricity.
  • digital rights management — (legal)   (DRM) Any technology used to limit the use of software, music, movies or other digital data. This generally relies on some interaction between the media and the system that plays it. For example, video DVDs usually include a region code. If this does not match the player's region code, the player will refuse to play the disc.
  • digital signal processing — (DSP) Computer manipulation of analog signals (commonly sound or image) which have been converted to digital form (sampled).
  • diminished responsibility — law: lack of capacity
  • discrete cosine transform — (mathematics)   (DCT) A technique for expressing a waveform as a weighted sum of cosines. The DCT is central to many kinds of signal processing, especially video compression. Given data A(i), where i is an integer in the range 0 to N-1, the forward DCT (which would be used e.g. by an encoder) is: B(k) = sum A(i) cos((pi k/N) (2 i + 1)/2) i=0 to N-1 B(k) is defined for all values of the frequency-space variable k, but we only care about integer k in the range 0 to N-1. The inverse DCT (which would be used e.g. by a decoder) is: AA(i)= sum B(k) (2-delta(k-0)) cos((pi k/N)(2 i + 1)/2) k=0 to N-1 where delta(k) is the Kronecker delta. The main difference between this and a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is that the DFT traditionally assumes that the data A(i) is periodically continued with a period of N, whereas the DCT assumes that the data is continued with its mirror image, then periodically continued with a period of 2N. Mathematically, this transform pair is exact, i.e. AA(i) == A(i), resulting in lossless coding; only when some of the coefficients are approximated does compression occur. There exist fast DCT algorithms in analogy to the Fast Fourier Transform.
  • do-it-yourself enthusiast — an enthusiast of the hobby or process of constructing and repairing things by yourself
  • document image processing — (DIP) Storage, management and retrieval of images.
  • dopamine receptor agonist — A dopamine receptor agonist is any compound that activates dopamine receptors when dopamine is not present.
  • drive someone up the wall — If you say that something or someone is driving you up the wall, you are emphasizing that they annoy and irritate you.
  • edward trowbridge collins — Edward Trowbridge ("Eddie") 1887–1951, U.S. baseball player.
  • electroconvulsive therapy — the treatment of certain psychotic conditions by passing an electric current through the brain to induce coma or convulsions
  • electronic funds transfer — (application, communications)   (EFT, EFTS, - system) Transfer of money initiated through electronic terminal, automated teller machine, computer, telephone, or magnetic tape. In the late 1990s, this increasingly includes transfer initiated via the web. The term also applies to credit card and automated bill payments.
  • electronic news gathering — the collecting of a television news story using electronic equipment, such as a portable video camera, rather than a traditional film camera
  • embedded lisp interpreter — (language)   (ELI) A small Common Lisp-like interpreter embedded in the Andrew mail system, written by Bob Glickstein at CMU.
  • english language teaching — the practice and theory of learning and teaching English for the benefit of people whose first language is not English
  • enhanced graphics adapter — (graphics, hardware)   (EGA) An IBM PC display standard with a resolution of 640 x 350 pixels of 16 colours.
  • entity-relationship model — (database, specification)   An approach to data modelling proposed by P. Chen in 1976. The model says that you divide your database in two logical parts, entities (e.g. "customer", "product") and relations ("buys", "pays for"). One of the first activities in specifying an application is defining the entities involved and their relationships, e.g. using an entity-relationship diagram to represent a model.
  • equine infectious anaemia — a viral disease of horses, donkeys, and mules characterized by fever, anaemia, jaundice, depression, and weight loss
  • european court of justice — law: international court
  • examination for discovery — a pretrial meeting to disclose evidence that will be presented later
  • exhaust gas recirculation — Exhaust gas recirculation is the process of mixing exhaust gas with air taken in to make sure that all fuel is burned before entering the atmosphere.
  • expanding universe theory — the theory, developed from the observed red shifts of celestial bodies, that the space between galaxies is expanding, so that they appear to recede from us at velocities that increase with their distance
  • exploratory data analysis — (EDA)
  • fallacy of many questions — the rhetorical trick of asking a question that cannot be answered without admitting a presupposition that may be false, as have you stopped beating your wife?
  • federal bureau of prisons — the agency of the US Department of Justice responsible for the administration of prisons
  • field-emission microscope — a device in which electrons liberated by field emission are accelerated toward a fluorescent screen to form a magnified image of the emitting surface.
  • first and second manassas — two battles fought at Manassas Junction near a stream named Bull Run, during the American Civil War (July, 1861 and August, 1862), in both of which the Federal army was routed by the Confederates
  • first generation computer — (architecture)   A prototype computer based on vacuum tubes and other esoteric technologies. Chronologically, any computer designed before the mid-1950s. Examples include Howard Aiken's Mark 1 (1944), Maunchly and Eckert's ENIAC (1946), and the IAS computer.
  • first generation language — Raw machine code. When computers were first "programmed" from an input device, rather than by being rewired, they were fed input in the form of numbers, which they then interpreted as commands. This was really low level, and a program fragment might look like "010307 010307". Almost no one programs in machine language anymore, because translators are nearly trivial to write.
  • five nations championship — a former annual competition involving the national sides of England, France, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales; replaced by the Six Nations Championship in 2000
  • flexible spending account — an account to which an employee contributes a portion of earnings to pay for certain expenses such as medical and dependent care: contributions are exempt from payroll taxes. Abbreviation: FSA.
  • flight management systems — a suite of computer programs in a computer on board an aircraft used to calculate the most economical flying speeds and altitudes during a flight and to identify possible choices in emergencies
  • franked investment income — (formerly) dividends from one UK company received by another on which the paying company had paid corporation tax so that the receiving company had no corporation tax to pay: discontinued from 1999
  • frequently asked question — (convention)   (FAQ, or rarely FAQL, FAQ list) A document provided for many Usenet newsgroups (and, more recently, web services) which attempts to answer questions which new readers often ask. These are maintained by volunteers and posted regularly to the newsgroup. You should always consult the FAQ list for a group before posting to it in case your question or point is common knowledge. The collection of all FAQ lists is one of the most precious and remarkable resources on the Internet. It contains a huge wealth of up-to-date expert knowledge on many subjects of common interest. Accuracy of the information is greatly assisted by its frequent exposure to criticism by an interested, and occasionally well-informed, audience (the readers of the relevant newsgroup). The main FTP archive for FAQs is on a computer called RTFM at MIT, where they can be accessed either by group or by hierarchy. There is another archive at Imperial College, London, UK and a web archive in Ohio, USA. The FAQs are also posted to Usenet newsgroups: news:comp.answers, news:news.answers and news:alt.answers.
  • functional representation — representation in a governing body on the basis of social class or occupation.
  • gas desulfurization plant — A gas desulfurization plant is a place with equipment that removes sulfur dioxide from flue gas before it is released into the atmosphere.
  • genealogical relationship — the relationship that exists between languages that have developed from a single earlier language.
  • general recursion theorem — (mathematics)   Cantor's theorem, originally stated for ordinals, which extends inductive proof to recursive construction. The proof is by pasting together "attempts" (partial solutions).
  • gensym standard interface — (programming)   (GSI) A set of C libraries and programming tools used to interface G2 to external systems. Commercially available bridges are available to SCADA systems and PLCs.
  • get up on one's hind legs — to become assertive, belligerent, etc.
  • give someone the business — an occupation, profession, or trade: His business is poultry farming.
  • give someone the dingbats — to make someone nervous
  • global positioning system — GPS (def 1).
  • graham's law of diffusion — the principle that at a given temperature and pressure the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density.
  • graphic design department — a group of people in a company who work in graphic design
  • graphic display interface — (hardware)   (GDI) graphics adaptor.
  • graphics interface format — (spelling)   You mean "Graphics Interchange Format".
  • greatest-integer function — the function that assigns to each real number the greatest integer less than or equal to the number. Symbol: [ x ].
  • group-sweeping scheduling — (storage, algorithm)   (GSS) A disk scheduling strategy in which requests are served in cycles, in a round-robin manner. To reduce disk arm movements ("seeking"), the set of streams is divided into groups that are served in fixed order. Streams within a group are served according to "SCAN". If all clients are assigned to one group, GSS reduces to SCAN, and if all clients are assigned to separate groups, GSS effectively becomes round-robin scheduling. The service order within one group is not fixed, and a stream may in fact be first in one cycle while last in the next. This variation has to be masked by extra buffering but whereas SCAN requires buffer space for all streams, GSS can reuse the buffer for each group and effect a trade-off between seek optimisation and buffer requirements.
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