Words containing ds1
3 letter words containing ds1
- ds1 — (communications) A DS level and framing specification for synchronous digital streams, over circuits in the North American digital transmission hierarchy, at the T1 transmission rate of 1,544,000 bits per second (baud). DS1 is commonly used to multiplex 24 DS0 channels. Each DS0 channel, originally a digitised voice-grade telephone signal, carries 8000 bytes per second (64,000 bits per second). A DS1 frame includes one byte from each of the 24 DS0 channels and adds one framing bit, making a total of 193 bits per frame at 8000 frames per second. The result is 193*8000 = 1,544,000 bits per second. In the original standard, the successive framing bits continuously repeated the 12-bit sequence 110111001000, and such a 12-frame unit is called a super-frame. In voice telephony, errors are acceptable (early standards allowed as much as one frame in six to be missing entirely), so the least significant bit in two of the 24 streams was used for signaling between network equipments. This is called robbed-bit signaling. To promote error-free transmission, an alternative called the extended super-frame (ESF) of 24 frames was developed. In this standard, six of the 24 framing bits provide a six bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC-6), and six provide the actual framing. The other 12 form a virtual circuit of 4000 bits per second for use by the transmission equipment, for call progress signals such as busy, idle and ringing. DS1 signals using ESF equipment are nearly error-free, because the CRC detects errors and allows automatic re-routing of connections. Compare T-carrier systems.
4 letter words containing ds1
- ds1c — (communications) A DS level and framing specification for digital signals in the North American digital transmission hierarchy. A DS1C signal uses 48 PCM channels and has a transmission rate of 3.15 Megabits per second, twice that of DS1. DS1C uses two DS1 signals combined and sent on a 3.152 megabit per second carrier which allows 64 kilobits per second for synchronisation and framing using "pulse stuffing". The channel 2 signal is logically inverted, and a framing bit is stuffed in two out of three code words, resulting in 26-bit information units. The channels are interleaved and then scrambled by the addition modulo 2 of the signal with the previous bit. Finally the bit stream is combined with a control bit sequence that permits the demultiplexor to function by preceding each 52 bits with one DS1C framing bit. A series of 24 such 53-bit frames forms a 1272-bit "M-frame".
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